How UK Income Tax Works
Income Tax is charged on most of the money you earn once it passes your tax-free Personal Allowance. This guide explains the allowance, the…
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UK tax & personal finance guides
Clear, plain-English explanations of how UK tax works — each linked to the calculators that put the numbers to work. Search or browse by topic.
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Understanding National Insurance
National Insurance (NI) is a separate deduction from Income Tax that helps pay for state benefits and the State Pension. This guide…
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Claiming Back Overpaid CIS Tax
CIS subcontractors commonly have more deducted during the year than they actually owe, because the deduction is taken from gross payments…
How CIS Deductions Work
The Construction Industry Scheme (CIS) requires contractors to deduct money from payments to most subcontractors and pass it to HMRC in…
Salary vs Dividends: How Each Is Taxed for Company Directors
Company directors are often paid through a mix of salary and dividends. Each is taxed under separate rules: salary through PAYE and…
Sole Trader vs Limited Company: How the Tax Differs
Sole traders and limited companies are taxed in different ways: different taxes apply to profit, National Insurance works differently, and…
VAT Registration: The Threshold and What Changes When You Cross It
VAT registration becomes compulsory once a business's taxable turnover passes a set threshold, currently £90,000. This guide explains what…
How UK Income Tax Works
Income Tax is charged on most of the money you earn once it passes your tax-free Personal Allowance. This guide explains the allowance, the…
Income Tax
How UK Income Tax, allowances and tax bands work.
How UK Income Tax Works
Income Tax is charged on most of the money you earn once it passes your tax-free Personal Allowance. This guide explains the allowance, the…
Personal Allowance Explained
The Personal Allowance is the amount you can earn each tax year before paying Income Tax. This guide explains how it works, when it is…
Self Assessment
Filing, deadlines and paying tax through Self Assessment.
Claiming Back Overpaid CIS Tax
CIS subcontractors commonly have more deducted during the year than they actually owe, because the deduction is taken from gross payments…
Business Tax
Corporation Tax, self-employment and small-business tax.
How CIS Deductions Work
The Construction Industry Scheme (CIS) requires contractors to deduct money from payments to most subcontractors and pass it to HMRC in…
Salary vs Dividends: How Each Is Taxed for Company Directors
Company directors are often paid through a mix of salary and dividends. Each is taxed under separate rules: salary through PAYE and…
Sole Trader vs Limited Company: How the Tax Differs
Sole traders and limited companies are taxed in different ways: different taxes apply to profit, National Insurance works differently, and…
VAT
VAT registration, rates, schemes and returns.
VAT Registration: The Threshold and What Changes When You Cross It
VAT registration becomes compulsory once a business's taxable turnover passes a set threshold, currently £90,000. This guide explains what…
Payroll
PAYE, National Insurance and payslip deductions.
Understanding National Insurance
National Insurance (NI) is a separate deduction from Income Tax that helps pay for state benefits and the State Pension. This guide…
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